Thumb sucking is one of the most common soothing habits among infants & toddlers. From the womb to early childhood, young children turn to sucking on a thumb, finger or pacifier to provide comfort, reduce stress or even help fall asleep.
Most children naturally drop the habit between ages 2 & 4 as they find other ways to cope with emotions, but if this habit persists beyond the toddler years, it can start to affect oral development.
When to Be Alert
In babies & young toddlers, thumb sucking is typically not a concern. During this stage, the baby teeth & jaw are still developing, & mild sucking does not cause lasting dental problems.
However, as children grow older, prolonged or aggressive thumb sucking can begin to influence dental development. It is recommended for children to stop before age 4, especially before permanent teeth grow in at age 6. Thumb sucking exerts pressure on the teeth & oral structures, so frequent & vigorous sucking over time can gradually reshape the dental arch, influence jaw growth & increase bite misalignment.
Examples of dental issues caused by thumb sucking include front teeth being pushed forward (overbite or “buck teeth”), open bite, narrowed palette & crowded teeth.
How Parents Can Help
To ensure children stop thumb sucking past the age of 4, there are several ways to encourage changes in behavior.
First, identify common triggers for when the child tends to suck their thumb (usually when they are bored or anxious) & offer alternative comfort items. It is worth noting that pacifiers are not a good replacement. Pacifier sucking can cause the same damage that thumb sucking can, & they can also fall on the ground & become germ magnets.
Gently remind the child to stop when they resort to thumb sucking, & use positive reinforcement to praise small milestones of less sucking. Establish calming bedtime routines that do not center around thumb sucking.
Finally, schedule regular checkups with the dentist to monitor oral development & use habit-breaking tools if needed. Some pediatric dentists may recommend mild dental appliances (like finger covers) if the habit is persistent.
Sources
https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-to-know-thumb-sucking-impact-teeth
https://www.healthline.com/health/parenting/thumb-sucking-teeth#tips-to-stop